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The rice genome contains 16 OsCOL genes (Griffiths et al., 2003). OsCOL4 functions as a constitutive repressor of flowering under Short Day and Long Day. OsCOL4 knockout plants exhibit an early-flowering phenotype under both conditions, whereas an OsCOL4 activation line and OsCOL4 overexpressing transgenic plants show a late-flowering phenotype. OsCOL4 negatively regulates flowering activators such as Ehd1, Hd3a, and RFT1. OsCOL4 maintain basic vegetative growth during early developmental stages, and decrease in their expression cause the vegetative phase to terminate and the reproductive process to be initiated.
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