Loss of function of OsTOP1 cause defects in root architecture and gravitropism, which are the consequences of misregulation of auxin signaling and transporter genes. In OsTOP1 knockdown plants, R-loops are naturally formed at rice auxin-related gene loci and overaccumulate. OsTOP1 sets the accurate expression levels of auxin-related genes by preventing the overaccumulation of inherent R-loops (Shafiq et al., 2017).