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The arabidopsis NPR1 (AtNPR1) acts as the central regulator of the salicylic acid (SA) pathway in Arabidopsis, and is regulated by ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) system. It has been suggested that SA receptors NPR3 and NPR4 are activated by SA in a concentration dependant manner and thereby bring about the proteosomal-mediated degradation of NPR1. Unlike AtNPR1, the rice OsNPR1 is not regulated by UPS (Matsushita et al. 2013 ) and thus, the roles of these transcriptional co-activators differ in SA-signaling pathways between rice and Arabidopsis. While AtNPR1 acts as coactivator of PR genes, the OSNPR1 is likely to act as a co-repressor of subset of genes (i.e. photosynthetic related genes, Auxin response related genes).
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