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Rice leaves are initiated by a coordinated process of cell growth and division. The primordium (enclosed within the encircling sheaths of older leaves) undergoes development to form a mature leaf that consists of a flattened blade and a sheath encompassing the younger leaves, which develop sequentially from the shoot apical meristem (Campen et al., 2016). Proximodistal, mediolateral, and adaxial?abaxial axes establish during leaf development (Hibara et al., 2009). Adaxial?abaxial polarity have an important effect on leaf rolling. Deficiency of ADL1 leads to rolling of leaves abaxially. Loss of function of SLL1 and chromatin remodelling factor RFS cause severe leaf rolling (Shi et al., 2007; Cho et al., 2018). Leaf rolling is controlled by regulation of bulliform cells by SRL1 and NRL1, structure and processes of sclerenchyma cells by SLL1 and SRL2, and leaf polarity by ADL1, RFS. Leaf size is synchronized by interaction of PLA1 and PLA2, NAL1, NRL1, SRL2 in regulation of number of veins (Xu et al., 2018). These genes and several other genes interact in a complex manner during leaf development in rice.
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