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The aleurone layer plays crucial role in the apoplastic uptake of nutrients into the endosperm (Xu et al., 2016). It is composed of several cell layers on the dorsal side and one to two layers on the lateral and ventral sides. Aleurone layers contain a single cell type that is not photosynthetic and neither grows nor divides following grain maturation. In rice, two transcription factors (RISBZ1 and RPBF) control the expression of seed storage proteins also influence aleurone cell fate (Kawakatsu et al., 2009). Both the transcription factor function together as a complex to promote the expression of most storage proteins of the rice endosperm (Yamamoto et al., 2006). Co-suppressed knockdown (KD) lines of RISBZ1 showed normal aleurone but the RPBF KD line showed sporadic multilayered aleurone, while the RISBZ1/RPBF double KD line produced aleurone consisting of multiple layers of large, disordered cells (Kawakatsu et al., 2009). OsCR4, and OsDEK1 transcript levels were all decreased in each of the KD lines. Physical interaction between RISBZ1 and RPBF may account for aleurone layer cell fate and various processes during seed development in rice (Becraft et al., 2011; Zhou et al., 2013).
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