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MADS-box genes are principal members in the ABCDE model of floral organ development. OsMADS1 specifies the determinacy of spikelet meristem and lemma/palea identity in rice. OsMADS1 and miR172s/AP2s form a regulatory network involved in floral organ development, particularly the elongation of the lemma and the palea. Dai et al., 2016 suggested that miR172 family members are the possible regulators downstream of OsMADS1. Genetic study revealed that overexpression of each miR172 gene resulted in elongated lemma/palea and indeterminacy of the floret, which resemble the phenotype of osmads1 mutant. On the contrary, overexpression of each target APETALA2 (AP2) genes resulted in shortened palea/lemma. Expression level and specificity of miR172 was greatly influenced by OsMADS1 in rice.
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