Osmads34 mutants developed altered inflorescence morphology, with an increased number of primary branches and a decreased number of secondary branches. In addition to that, osmads34 mutants also displayed a decreased spikelet number and altered spikelet morphology, with lemma/leaf-like elongated sterile lemmas. These observation indicatesthat OsMADS34 controls the development of inflorescences and spikelets in rice.