Cytosolic ATP-dependent phosphofructokinases catalyze the physiologically irreversible reaction of D-fructose-6-phosphate and ATP to form D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate and ADP. The three rice proteins identified here as ATP-dependent phosphofructokinases have not been characterized biochemically but were identified from their close sequence similarities to Arabidopsis thaliana PFK1, 3, and 7 (Mustroph et al. 2007).