Plant Reactome Pathway Database - Plant Reactome Pathway Database

Glutamate degradation

Stable Identifier

R-OSA-1119458

Type

Pathway

Species

Oryza sativa

Compartment

mitochondrial matrix, cytosol

Synonyms

GABA shunt, pathway99618, Glutamate degradation III

Locations in the PathwayBrowser

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Summation

Glutamate is a major amino donor for the synthesis of amino acids and other nitrogen-containing compounds in plants. Glutamate is converted into ?-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) via glutamate decarboxylase (GAD). Enzymatic activity of GAD may be activated by Ca2+/calmodulin binding at the C-terminus in response to various stresses (Shelp et al., 1999; Bouch� and Fromm, 2004). GABA is a non-protein amino acid present in all living things (Bown and Shelp, 1997; Akama et al., 2001). GABA in turn is converted to succinic semialdehyde (SSA) by GABA-transaminase (GABA-T). SSA is catabolized via SSA dehydrogenase (SSADH) to form succinate, which enters the TCA cycle. The route from glutamate to succinate is known as the GABA shunt. Glutamate is known to modulate calcium signaling (Dannison et al., 2000), root system architecture ( Forde & Walch-Liu, 2009), inhibits primary root growth and stimulates the outgrowth of lateral roots near the primary root tip in Arabidopsis (Walch-Liu et al., 2006). This phenomenon is specific to glutamate but other structurally or metabolically related amino acids e.g., Asp, and Gln do not have similar effects (Forde & Walch-Liu, 2009).

Data source: RiceCyc

Literature References

PubMed ID	Title	Journal	Year
12232415	The 58-Kilodalton Calmodulin-Binding Glutamate Decarboxylase Is a Ubiquitous Protein in Petunia Organs and Its Expression Is Developmentally Regulated	Plant Physiol.	1994
10517851	Plant succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase. Cloning, purification, localization in mitochondria, and regulation by adenine nucleotides	Plant Physiol.	1999
12740438	Mitochondrial succinic-semialdehyde dehydrogenase of the gamma-aminobutyrate shunt is required to restrict levels of reactive oxygen intermediates in plants	Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.	2003
8626755	Activation of a recombinant petunia glutamate decarboxylase by calcium/calmodulin or by a monoclonal antibody which recognizes the calmodulin binding domain	J. Biol. Chem.	1996
23122787	Differential subcellular localization, enzymatic properties and expression patterns of ?-aminobutyric acid transaminases (GABA-Ts) in rice (Oryza sativa)	J. Plant Physiol.	2013
26384576	Amino Acid Catabolism in Plants	Mol Plant	2015
23421475	Genetic manipulation of the ?-aminobutyric acid (GABA) shunt in rice: overexpression of truncated glutamate decarboxylase (GAD2) and knockdown of ?-aminobutyric acid transaminase (GABA-T) lead to sustained and high levels of GABA accumulation in rice kernels	Plant Biotechnol. J.	2013
	Metabolism, enzymology and possible roles of 4-aminobutyrate in higher plants	Phytochemistry	1990
11779628	Rice (Oryza sativa) contains a novel isoform of glutamate decarboxylase that lacks an authentic calmodulin-binding domain at the C-terminus	Biochim. Biophys. Acta	2001
20355097	Purification of calmodulin from rice bran and activation of glutamate decarboxylase by Ca2+/calmodulin	J. Sci. Food Agric.	2010
26106401	Closing the loop on the GABA shunt in plants: are GABA metabolism and signaling entwined?	Front Plant Sci	2015
24799560	Exogenous ?-aminobutyric acid (GABA) affects pollen tube growth via modulating putative Ca2+-permeable membrane channels and is coupled to negative regulation on glutamate decarboxylase	J. Exp. Bot.	2014
28212609	Exogenous glutamate rapidly induces the expression of genes involved in metabolism and defense responses in rice roots	BMC Genomics	2017
17578865	Glutamate in plants: metabolism, regulation, and signalling	J. Exp. Bot.	2007
11115867	Glutamate-gated calcium fluxes in Arabidopsis	Plant Physiol.	2000
15003233	GABA in plants: just a metabolite?	Trends Plant Sci.	2004
10529826	Metabolism and functions of gamma-aminobutyric acid	Trends Plant Sci.	1999

Participants

Events

Participant Of

hasEvent

Amino acid catabolism

Event Information

Go Biological Process

gamma-aminobutyrate shunt (0006540)

Orthologous Events

Glutamate degradation (Actinidia chinensis)

Glutamate degradation (Aegilops tauschii)

Glutamate degradation (Aegilops umbellulata)

Glutamate degradation (Amborella trichopoda)

Glutamate degradation (Ananas comosus)

Glutamate degradation (Arabidopsis halleri)

Glutamate degradation (Arabidopsis lyrata)

Glutamate degradation (Arabidopsis thaliana)

Glutamate degradation (Arachis duranensis)

Glutamate degradation (Arachis hypogaea)

Glutamate degradation (Arachis ipaensis)

Glutamate degradation (Asparagus officinalis)

Glutamate degradation (Avena sativa)

Glutamate degradation (Beta vulgaris)

Glutamate degradation (Brachypodium distachyon)

Glutamate degradation (Brassica juncea)

Glutamate degradation (Brassica napus)

Glutamate degradation (Brassica oleracea)

Glutamate degradation (Brassica rapa)

Glutamate degradation (Cajanus cajan)

Glutamate degradation (Camelina sativa)

Glutamate degradation (Cannabis sativa)

Glutamate degradation (Cannabis sativa subsp. indica)

Glutamate degradation (Capsella rubella)

Glutamate degradation (Capsicum annuum)

Glutamate degradation (Chara braunii)

Glutamate degradation (Chenopodium quinoa)

Glutamate degradation (Cicer arietinum)

Glutamate degradation (Citrullus lanatus)

Glutamate degradation (Citrus clementina)

Glutamate degradation (Citrus sinensis)

Glutamate degradation (Coffea canephora)

Glutamate degradation (Corchorus capsularis)

Glutamate degradation (Corchorus olitorius)

Glutamate degradation (Corymbia citriodora)

Glutamate degradation (Cucumis melo)

Glutamate degradation (Cucumis sativus)

Glutamate degradation (Cyanidioschyzon merolae)

Glutamate degradation (Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus)

Glutamate degradation (Daucus carota)

Glutamate degradation (Digitaria exilis)

Glutamate degradation (Dioscorea rotundata)

Glutamate degradation (Echinochloa crus-galli)

Glutamate degradation (Eragrostis curvula)

Glutamate degradation (Eragrostis tef)

Glutamate degradation (Erythranthe guttata)

Glutamate degradation (Eucalyptus grandis)

Glutamate degradation (Ficus carica)

Glutamate degradation (Fragaria vesca)

Glutamate degradation (Fraxinus excelsior (European ash))

Glutamate degradation (Galdieria sulphuraria)

Glutamate degradation (Glycine max)

Glutamate degradation (Glycine soja)

Glutamate degradation (Gossypium raimondii)

Glutamate degradation (Helianthus annuus)

Glutamate degradation (Hordeum vulgare)

Glutamate degradation (Humulus lupulus)

Glutamate degradation (Humulus lupulus var. lupulus)

Glutamate degradation (Ipomoea triloba)

Glutamate degradation (Jatropha curcas)

Glutamate degradation (Juglans regia)

Glutamate degradation (Lactuca sativa)

Glutamate degradation (Lathyrus sativus)

Glutamate degradation (Leersia perrieri)

Glutamate degradation (Lolium perenne)

Glutamate degradation (Lupinus angustifolius)

Glutamate degradation (Malus domestica)

Glutamate degradation (Manihot esculenta)

Glutamate degradation (Marchantia polymorpha)

Glutamate degradation (Medicago truncatula)

Glutamate degradation (Musa acuminata)

Glutamate degradation (Nelumbo nucifera)

Glutamate degradation (Nicotiana attenuata)

Glutamate degradation (Nymphaea colorata)

Glutamate degradation (Olea europaea)

Glutamate degradation (Olea europaea var. sylvestris)

Glutamate degradation (Oryza australiensis)

Glutamate degradation (Oryza barthii)

Glutamate degradation (Oryza brachyantha)

Glutamate degradation (Oryza glaberrima)

Glutamate degradation (Oryza glumaepatula)

Glutamate degradation (Oryza longistaminata)

Glutamate degradation (Oryza meridionalis)

Glutamate degradation (Oryza meyeriana var. granulata)

Glutamate degradation (Oryza minuta)

Glutamate degradation (Oryza nivara)

Glutamate degradation (Oryza officinalis)

Glutamate degradation (Oryza punctata)

Glutamate degradation (Oryza rufipogon)

Glutamate degradation (Oryza sativa Indica Group)

Glutamate degradation (Oryza sativa aus subgroup)

Glutamate degradation (Ostreococcus lucimarinus)

Glutamate degradation (Panicum hallii ("FIL2"))

Glutamate degradation (Panicum hallii var. hallii ("HAL2"))

Glutamate degradation (Papaver somniferum)

Glutamate degradation (Phaseolus vulgaris)

Glutamate degradation (Phoenix dactylifera)

Glutamate degradation (Phyllostachys edulis)

Glutamate degradation (Physcomitrella patens)

Glutamate degradation (Picea abies)

Glutamate degradation (Pinus taeda)

Glutamate degradation (Pistacia vera)

Glutamate degradation (Pisum sativum)

Glutamate degradation (Populus trichocarpa)

Glutamate degradation (Prunus avium)

Glutamate degradation (Prunus persica)

Glutamate degradation (Quercus lobata)

Glutamate degradation (Quercus suber)

Glutamate degradation (Rosa chinensis)

Glutamate degradation (Saccharum spontaneum)

Glutamate degradation (Salvia hispanica)

Glutamate degradation (Secale cereale)

Glutamate degradation (Selaginella moellendorffii)

Glutamate degradation (Sesamum indicum)

Glutamate degradation (Setaria italica)

Glutamate degradation (Setaria viridis)

Glutamate degradation (Solanum lycopersicum)

Glutamate degradation (Solanum tuberosum)

Glutamate degradation (Sorghum bicolor)

Glutamate degradation (Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803)

Glutamate degradation (Theobroma cacao)

Glutamate degradation (Trifolium pratense)

Glutamate degradation (Triticum aestivum)

Glutamate degradation (Triticum dicoccoides)

Glutamate degradation (Triticum spelta subsp. spelta)

Glutamate degradation (Triticum timopheevii subsp. timopheevii)

Glutamate degradation (Triticum turgidum)

Glutamate degradation (Triticum urartu)

Glutamate degradation (Vicia faba var. faba)

Glutamate degradation (Vigna angularis)

Glutamate degradation (Vigna radiata)

Glutamate degradation (Vigna unguiculata)

Glutamate degradation (Vitis vinifera)

Glutamate degradation (Zea mays)

Glutamate degradation (Zea mays ver5)

Glutamate degradation (Zoysia japonica)

Cross References

RiceCyc

GLUDEG-I-PWY